Book Review After This By Marcus Engel - 1187 Words

Book Review: After This†¦ by Marcus Engel Suddenly losing his eyesight at a young age and having to deal with living in a whole new world, Marcus Engel tells his story of how he coped with losing his eyesight. Marcus Engel described his hardships and struggles after he became blind in his book, After This†¦An Inspirational Journey for All the Wrong Reasons. The book begins with Engel mentioning his college life and how he was excited to be going back home for vacation. While he was with his friends he got into a bad car accident that left him blind. The rest of the book tells his emotional life changing story of how he learned to accept his blindness and to do daily tasks. In his stay at the hospital he made a goal to get back to college.†¦show more content†¦Due to certain people, he was able to feel like a human being rather than an exhibit. Some doctors made him feel like he was an object rather than a human, which made him feel powerless and angry. Others, like nurses and doctors, made him feel like his old self again. Dennis Fuller, a speech pathologist, who was there to teach him how to speak again, was one of the doctors that Engel mentioned with respect and admiration. The doctor addressed him as ‘dude’ rather than ‘Mr. Engel’ and he talked with him about football and joked with him. Simple things like that made Engel feel happy and pleased. â€Å"Humor, voice, respect, and a life lesson I shall never forget; all from one person who probably never realized what a profound impact he was making† (Engel, 2006, p. 132). Although the healthcare providers were doing their jobs, some treated him with pity and as an object. Just by addressing him with his name or asking him simple questions about himself made him feel like he was normal and a part of society. Others that influenced his stay at the hospital were two nurses, Barb and Rick. Barb became close to him really quickly by the way she addressed him and treated him. Rick and Engel became friends by conversing about their stories of growing up. The one common aspect both nurses had was that they treated Engel as if he wasn’t blind. When he spent time with them, his blindness became irrelevant. After he left theShow MoreRelatedDr. Marcus Engel s I m Here : Compassionate Communication1126 Words   |  5 PagesBook Review: I’m Here: Compassionate Communication in Patient Care by Marcus Engel Marcus Engel emphasized on communication and empathy when dealing with patients in his book, I’m Here: Compassionate Communication in Patient Care. As he struggled to cope with his hospital stay, certain health care providers helped him improve his mental and physical health. He wrote about the doctors, nurses, and other health care providers he met. In his book he mentioned how the behavior and tone of health careRead MoreManagement and Teaching Note19520 Words   |  79 Pages(9pp) TCJ03-02-05N TECHNICAL NOTE: FRANCHISING Godsey, M; Sebora, TC The CASE Journal 5pp KEL279 TTOOLS (A): THE VALUE OF A PATENT TO THE ENTREPRENEUR Conley, JG; Qu, F; Nudd, G; Marcus, JC Kellogg School of Management 12pp KEL280 TTOOLS (B): THE VALUE OF A PATENT TO THE ENTREPRENEUR Supplement Conley, JG; Qu, F; Nudd, G; Marcus, JC Kellogg School of Management 18pp 9-807-148 WILL RACINGTHEPLANET LTD REACH THE FINISH LINE? Isenberg, DJ Harvard Business School Publishing 24pp 807-056-1 ZHANG YIN: CHINAà ¢â‚¬â„¢S

Polypharmacy Among the Elderly - 1324 Words

Introduction Polypharmacy among the elderly is a growing concern in U.S. healthcare system. Patients who have comorbities and take multiple medications are at a higher risk for potential adverse drug reactions. There is a great need for nursing interventions in conducting a patient medication review also known as â€Å"brown bag†. As nurses obtain history data from patients at a provider visit, the nurse should ask â€Å"what medications are you taking?† and the answer needs to include over-the-counter medications as well. If the response does not include any medications other than prescribed meds, it is incumbent upon the nursing professionals to question the patient further to ensure that no over-the-counter medications or supplements are†¦show more content†¦If the nurse is unfamiliar with a certain medication, a drug book is available for the nurse to utilize and gain knowledge regarding the drug use, action, adverse reaction, and contraindications. Literature Review Ellenbeck et al. (2004) conducted a study to identify nurses’ experiences and perceptions regarding medication and associated adverse outcomes related to polypharmacy. This non-experimental, descriptive study containing quantitative and qualitative data was used to determine the nurses’ observations and experiences. The sample included 101 home health care nurses from 12 agencies, who reported on 1467 patients. The collection of data was from the nurses’ responses to the questionnaire and surveys regarding medication management. The results of the study revealed 78% of the patients were at risk for medication error and 5% of the patients reported adverse effects of medications due to polypharmacy. In addition to lack of medication education, nurses reported that 5% of the patients were taking medications in which they did not have an order for, 9% of the medications were prescribed by more than one provide, and 5% of the patients medication orders were not u pdated in their records. The study also revealed that the nurses’ observations included olderShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Treatment Of A Geriatric Syndrome Essay1399 Words   |  6 PagesPolypharmacy and Medication Errors A Geriatric Syndrome Polypharmacy Defined Lenander et.al, (2015) define polypharmacy as the consequences of multiple concurrent medications taken to primarily manage existing health problems such as hypertension and diabetes. Polypharmacy is a typical problem among older adults. Currently, adults within the age bracket of 65 years and above take five or more medications on a weekly basis, 57% of which are women and 44% are men. Besides, the prevalence of polypharmacyRead MoreThe Number Of Medications Taken On A Daily Basis753 Words   |  4 PagesWhen we hear the word polypharmacy, we think about the number of medications taken on a daily basis. Reading through researched journals, there is really â€Å"no consensus regarding the number of medications as to how polypharmacy begins† (Fried et al., 2014, p. 2261). According to Maher, Hanlon, and Hajjar (2014) reported, â€Å"polypharmacy is the use of more medications than are medically necessary† and â€Å" medications that are not indicated, not effective, or constitute a therapeutic duplication would beRead MoreElderly Abuse Issues1420 Words   |  6 PagesIn 2012, the Canadian government established the Protecting Canada’s Seniors Act, which increased awareness on the issues facing the elderly population of 65 years and above (Sibbal Holroyd-Leduc, 2012). This paper will examine three contemporary challenges facing the cohort, including elderly abuse, dementia, and polypharmacy, while preventative strategies and recommendations addressing these issues will be offered. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines abuse towards seniors as, a singleRead MorePolypharmacy in the Older Adult: Too Much of a Good Thing Essay1191 Words   |  5 PagesPolypharmacy in the Older Adult: Too Much of a Good Thing Elderly patients that take several medications compound the risk of developing an adverse drug reaction. Not only does the aging process have an effect on how elderly bodies process medication, but elderly people take more medications than their younger counterparts. According to Conry (2005), the elderly patient takes an average of 5 prescription medications and two non-prescription medications (Conry, 2005). While medications are frequentlyRead MoreDrug Use Pattern Of The Elderly854 Words   |  4 PagesDrug Use Pattern of the Elderly Together with the increasing number of years added to the older adults’ life, is the rise in the use of medications by the elderly. As discussed by Touhy and Jett (2016) â€Å"Medications occupy a central place in the lives of many older persons: cost, acceptability, interactions, untoward side effects, and the need to schedule medications appropriately all combine to create many difficulties† (p. 112). One health condition from which many older adults have in commonRead MorePatient s Drug History For Disease Control And Prevention2536 Words   |  11 Pagesâ€Å"Polypharmacy is a term that refers to a high number of prescribed medications; usually five and above, or the use of more medications than clinically justified† (Chiang-Hanisko, 2014). According to The Center for Disease Control and Prevention between 2007 and 2010 nearly 25% of the elderly population were prescribed 5 or more medications. Due to the longer life expectancy, the aging population is mor e vulnerable to polypharmacy because they often have several comorbidities. The issue lies whenRead MoreHospital Readmission Rates Among The Elderly Essay949 Words   |  4 PagesHospital readmission rates among the elderly are steadily becoming a growing topic of concern. Robinson, Esquivel, and Vlahov (2012) describe readmission or re-hospitalization as a return to the hospital shortly after discharge from a recent hospital stay (p. 338). The elderly, defined as 60 years of age and older, account for the highest hospital readmission rates in comparison to other age groups (Robinson, Esquivel, Vlahov, 2012). With medical advances, life expectancy is on the rise, whichRead MoreThe quality of patient-centered care among seniors with diabetes comorbid with concurrent chronic1100 Words   |  5 PagesThe quality of patient-centered care among seniors with diabetes comorbid with concurrent chronic conditions 1. Background 1.1 Chronic conditions, aging and multimorbidity Chronic diseases are a significant and growing challenge in Canada. They are the leading cause of death, disability and account for about two thirds of the overall burden of disease (1). According to the Canadian Chief Public Health Officer’s Report on the State of Public Health in Canada for 2009, one in four Canadians had atRead MoreThe Effect Of Exercise On Fall Prevention Paper886 Words   |  4 Pages The Effect of Exercise on Fall Prevention The widespread falls among the geriatric population reduce their quality of life and take away their functional independence. Lee et al (2013) state that falls leads to the rise in mortality rates and morbidity complications such as fractures and disabilities,1 out of 3 elderly persons in a community setting falls in a year. About 87% of all fractures in the elderly are due to falls. Several of the risk factors that are associated with fallsRead MoreAssessment Of Chronic Pain1329 Words   |  6 Pageswith loved ones nearby. Review any comorbidities that may be affecting the pain or even causing the pain. Also, note all medications the client is currently taking including herbal supplements and over the counter drugs, to prevent polypharmacy or even identify polypharmacy that is occurring already. Next, begin a focused interview. COLDSPA can be used effectively to gather all the specific information about the pain itself. Character is the description of the sign or symptom. Onset is when it began

Management of the Company Is Concerned About the Increasing Costs

Question: Discuss Management of the Company Is Concerned About the Increasing Costs? Answer: Introduction RGL wants to decrease the IT costs by virtualising the existing physical IT infrastructure. They got many Xeon servers with different RAM and storage hard disks. The RGL management is doing a research on existing virtualization technologies and they found VMware technology is the best technology for this virtualization project. Entire IT Infrastructure design including servers selection, CPU and RAM Selection, storage selection will be decided. All the design aspects in converting physical IT infrastructure to virtual infrastructure will be investigated. Virtual Technology Solution The existing virtualization technologies are Hyper-V from Microsoft, VSphere technology from VMware and XenApp technology from Citrix. Among these three technologies Microsofts Hyper-V cannot be used in the existing technology as it is not good for desktop virtualization. Citrix XenApp is mainly used for Desktop virtualization but it is not good for server virtualization. Hence only VMware virtualization technology is the only best option for this situation ("VMware Virtualization Management", 2017). Selection of technology VSphere 6.5, ESXi 6.5 ("VMware vSphere 6.5 Documentation Library", 2017), VCENTER 6.5, Tier-1 and Tier-2 SAN, Standard backup and DR solutions offered by VMware, Standard DR solutions offered by the VMware and standard Desktop virtualization technologies offered by VMWare ("Free VMware vSphere Hypervisor, Free Virtualization (ESXi)", 2017). VSphere 6.5 is better then its previous versions like vSphere5.5 (Hatua, 2014) (Herrod, 2010). Usually VMware offers Veeam Technology for Backup. The same can be used for DR Purpose too. DDR Backup also possible. TSM Symantec also offers backup solution for all the VMware infrastructure. That also can be selected if the infrastructure is big. Once servers and virtual machines are backed up, the backup data can be retained for more than a month. The same backup data can be used to recreate the VMs and thus the same backup solution can be used for the DR Purpose too. Existing Infrastructure Server No Hardware Frequency RAM Hard Disk Usage Server-1 Xeon 3.6 GHz 8 GB 140 GB AD Server-2 Xeon 3.6 GHz 8 GB 140 GB AD Server-3 Xeon 2.8 GHz 4 GB 250 GB SQL Server-4 Xeon 2.8 GHz 4 GB 250 GB SQL Server-5 Xeon 2.8 GHz 4 GB 250 GB SQL Server-6 Xeon 3.6 GHz 8 GB 250 GB EMAIL Server-7 Xeon 2.8 GHz 4 GB 250 GB FILE Server-8 Xeon 2.8 GHz 4 GB 250 GB FILE Server-9 Xeon 2.8 GHz 4 GB 250 GB PRINT Server-10 Xeon 2.8 GHz 4 GB 250 GB PRINT Server-11 Xeon 2.8 GHz 16 GB 140 GB REDHAT Server-12 Xeon 2.8 GHz 16 GB 140 GB REDHAT New Virtual Infrastructure All the existing physical servers will be converted into physical ESXi servers. Necessary VMs will be created in this virtual infrastructure that will support entire IT infrastructure. Server No Hardware Frequency RAM Usage ADESXI-1 Xeon 3.6 GHz 8 GB ESXi Physical Server ADESXI-2 Xeon 3.6 GHz 8 GB ESXi Physical Server SQLESXI-1 Xeon 2.8 GHz 4 GB ESXi Physical Server SQLESXI-2 Xeon 2.8 GHz 4 GB ESXi Physical Server SQLESXI-3 Xeon 2.8 GHz 4 GB ESXi Physical Server EMAILESXI Xeon 3.6 GHz 8 GB ESXi Physical Server FILEESXI-1 Xeon 2.8 GHz 4 GB ESXi Physical Server FILEESXI-2 Xeon 2.8 GHz 4 GB ESXi Physical Server PRINTESXI-1 Xeon 2.8 GHz 4 GB ESXi Physical Server PRINTESXI-2 Xeon 2.8 GHz 4 GB ESXi Physical Server REDHATESXI-1 Xeon 2.8 GHz 16 GB ESXi Physical Server REDHATESXI-2 Xeon 2.8 GHz 16 GB ESXi Physical Server Cluster Formation Server No Hardware Frequency RAM CLUSTER-1 ADESXI-1 Xeon 3.6 GHz 8 GB CLUSTER-1 ADESXI-2 Xeon 3.6 GHz 8 GB CLUSTER-2 SQLESXI-1 Xeon 2.8 GHz 4 GB CLUSTER-2 SQLESXI-2 Xeon 2.8 GHz 4 GB CLUSTER-2 SQLESXI-3 Xeon 2.8 GHz 4 GB CLUSTER-1 EMAILESXI Xeon 3.6 GHz 8 GB CLUSTER-2 FILEESXI-1 Xeon 2.8 GHz 4 GB CLUSTER-2 FILEESXI-2 Xeon 2.8 GHz 4 GB CLUSTER-2 PRINTESXI-1 Xeon 2.8 GHz 4 GB CLUSTER-2 PRINTESXI-2 Xeon 2.8 GHz 4 GB CLUSTER-3 REDHATESXI-1 Xeon 2.8 GHz 16 GB CLUSTER-3 REDHATESXI-2 Xeon 2.8 GHz 16 GB Datastore Formation DATASTORE Server No Hardware Frequency RAM Hard Disk DATASTORE- 1 ADESXI-1 Xeon 3.6 GHz 8 GB 140 GB DATASTORE -1 ADESXI-2 Xeon 3.6 GHz 8 GB 140 GB DATASTORE -2 SQLESXI-1 Xeon 2.8 GHz 4 GB 250 GB DATASTORE -2 SQLESXI-2 Xeon 2.8 GHz 4 GB 250 GB DATASTORE -2 SQLESXI-3 Xeon 2.8 GHz 4 GB 250 GB DATASTORE -1 EMAILESXI Xeon 3.6 GHz 8 GB 250 GB DATASTORE -2 FILEESXI-1 Xeon 2.8 GHz 4 GB 250 GB DATASTORE -2 FILEESXI-2 Xeon 2.8 GHz 4 GB 250 GB DATASTORE -2 PRINTESXI-1 Xeon 2.8 GHz 4 GB 250 GB DATASTORE -2 PRINTESXI-2 Xeon 2.8 GHz 4 GB 250 GB DATASTORE -3 REDHATESXI-1 Xeon 2.8 GHz 16 GB 140 GB CLUSTER-3 REDHATESXI-2 Xeon 2.8 GHz 16 GB 140 GB The management can go with one data centre, one domain, one forest solution. They can go with only one VCENTER solution to control the entire virtual infrastructure (Mauro, 2017). VMs needs to be created to support Active Directory, Database, Email, File, print and Unix infrastructure. Distributed switches can be designed to support the entire infrastructure. VSphere 6.5 is a x64 bit OS and hence it supports very large infrastructure. The security in the VMware solution is good. The IT infrastructure can be expanded very easily. For the given cost since the quality is good it is cost effective. VMware supports all the applications. It can support all the engineering and scientific fields. High research software too can be installed in VMware based virtual machines and the software will work well. CPU consuming and Memory consuming software will work well in VMware based products. Vcpu and vRAM can be increased easily. Now a days VSphere6.5 supports hot add facility to the hard disk, RAM so the capacity of the infrastructure can be improved without any down time. Vsphere is a stable technology. Updates will not come very often and hence it wont require any special skills to manage. Updates can be installed very easily. OS updates also possible using update manager. If only one ESXi server is well secured, then that can act as a bench mark ESXi and all other ESXi servers can be brought to the same security level very easily. Host migration and storage migration facilities are there in VSphere. So there wont be any resource crunch in the virtual infrastructure. VSphere supports virtualization of all the business critical applications ("Virtualizing Business Critical Applications - VMware Solutions", 2017). Desktop Solution All the employees are using their own laptops or company provided desktops. These are hardware and hence the hardware cost will be very more if they use physical laptops and physical desktops. Physical machines will be facing lot of hardware issues now and then. VHorizon is the technology offered by the VMware for desktop virtualization. Citrix virtualization also can be used. Since already VSphere technology is used in the virtualization, desktop solution that is very well compatible with the vSphere technology. Horizon supports all the requirements in the given technical organization. vHorzon offers quick desktop start up and shut down facilities. All other resources can be assigned very automatically ("VMware Validated Designs for Software-Defined Data Centre", 2017). Backup Solution Two backup solutions are possible. Symantec backup and Veeam. Veeam is the best one due to lot of reasons. This software can be installed easily, can be configured easily and can be re-configured without much downtime. It supports windows, Unix, mac virtual machines and takes the backup easily. Usually there will be a separate backup VLAN will be used and all the backup traffic will be going through in that VLAN only. Hence backup wont affect the network performance. All the VMs and the applications can be brought to the backup environment very easily. Restore also very easily and it will not consume much resources and time. IBM Tivoli Manager is another backup and restore software that can be used (2017) DR Solution At present the organization got only one data center. They can have another DR center in another state. If they have another DR data center, then they can go with data store replication ("Modernize Data Centers", 2017). They can store the backup copies in local as well as remote places. The backup can be stored in local tapes and that can be used for restore purposes during DR time. VMware offers lot of business continuity and DR solutions ("Business Continuity Disaster Recovery (BCDR) Solutions: VMware", 2017). Cloud based solutions too can be used for backup and DR Purpose ("Server Virtualization using Cloud Environment for Data Storage Backup", 2016). Information Security VSphere is a very secure environment. Distributed switches can be contributed with enough secured VLANs. Data security changes may not happen. Best practices are offered by VMware ("VMware Product Security - Making Our Products More Secure", 2017). The same can be followed. Host profiles can be used to secure the ESXi servers. ISO 27000 Security rules and ITIL rules and terms can be used to secure the environment. VMware Compliance Reference Architecture Framework can be followed for better information security ("Compliance and Cyber Risk Solutions", 2017). Third party vendors like Kaspersky offers lot of security solutions for VMWare infrastructure (Lab, 2017) Conclusion The objective is converting a physical infrastructure to a virtual infrastructure. All the existing asset details are discussed. Hardware details are discussed. Existing operating system details are discussed. The target virtual infrastructure design is provided. All the physical servers need to be converted into ESXi 6.5 servers. vCentre VM can be used to control the entire infrastructure. Veeam solution can be used for both Backup and DR purpose. vHorizon can be used for desktop virtualization. One DR datacentre can be used for best DR purpose. VMware Compliance Reference Architecture Framework and ITIL frame work, best security practices offered by VMware can be used for security provisioning. Updates can be installed very easily. OS updates also possible using update manager. If only one ESXi server is well secured, then that can act as a bench mark ESXi and all other ESXi servers can be brought to the same security level very easily. Host migration and storage migration faciliti es are there in VSphere. So there wont be any resource crunch in the virtual infrastructure. Veeam backup can be used for backup. The same software can be used to restore the virtual infrastructure in DR times. VMware Compliance Reference Architecture Framework can be followed for better information security. Another DR Datacentre can be setup for DR Purpose. References (2017). Retrieved 21 May 2017, from https://www-03.ibm.com/software/products/en/tivostormanaforsystbackandreco Business Continuity Disaster Recovery (BCDR) Solutions: VMware. (2017).Vmware.com. Retrieved 21 May 2017, from https://www.vmware.com/solutions/business-continuity.html Compliance and Cyber Risk Solutions. (2017).Vmware.com. Retrieved 21 May 2017, from https://www.vmware.com/solutions/compliance-cyber-risk.html Free VMware vSphere Hypervisor, Free Virtualization (ESXi). (2017).Vmware.com. Retrieved 21 May 2017, from https://www.vmware.com/products/vsphere-hypervisor.html Hatua, A. (2014). Optimal Feature Selection from VMware ESXi 5.1 Feature Set.International Journal Of Chaos, Control, Modelling And Simulation,3(3), 1-8. https://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijccms.2014.3301 Herrod, S. (2010). Systems research and development at VMware.ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review,44(4), 1-2. https://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1899928.1899949 Lab, K. (2017).Kaspersky Security For Virtualization Agentless Reinforces Security Capabilities Of VMware NSX For Smart Protection Of Data Centers - Information Security Buzz.Information Security Buzz. Retrieved 21 May 2017, from https://www.informationsecuritybuzz.com/news/kaspersky-security-virtualization-agentless-reinforces-security-capabilities-vmware-nsx-smart-protection-data-centers/ Mauro, A. (2017).VMware vCenter Server 6 design - vInfrastructure Blog.Vinfrastructure.it. Retrieved 21 May 2017, from https://vinfrastructure.it/2015/02/vmware-vcenter-server-6-design/ Modernize Data Centers. (2017).Vmware.com. Retrieved 21 May 2017, from https://www.vmware.com/it-priorities/modernize-data-centers.html Server Virtualization using Cloud Environment for Data Storage Backup. (2016).International Journal Of Science And Research (IJSR),5(6), 449-452. https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/v5i6.nov164021 Virtualization and the Software-Defined Data Center: VMware. (2017).Vmware.com. Retrieved 21 May 2017, from https://www.vmware.com/solutions/software-defined-datacenter/in-depth.html#networking Virtualizing Business Critical Applications - VMware Solutions. (2017).Vmware.com. Retrieved 21 May 2017, from https://www.vmware.com/solutions/business-critical-apps.html VMware Desktop and Application Virtualization. (2017).Vmware.com. Retrieved 21 May 2017, from https://www.vmware.com/products/desktop-virtualization.html VMware Product Security - Making Our Products More Secure. (2017).Vmware.com. Retrieved 21 May 2017, from https://www.vmware.com/security.html VMware Validated Designs for Software-Defined Data Center. (2017).Vmware.com. Retrieved 21 May 2017, from https://www.vmware.com/solutions/software-defined-datacenter/validated-designs.html VMware Virtualization Management. (2017).Vmware.com. Retrieved 21 May 2017, from https://www.vmware.com/solutions/virtualization/virtualization-management.html VMware vSphere 6.5 Documentation Library. (2017).Pubs.vmware.com. Retrieved 21 May 2017, from https://pubs.vmware.com/vsphere-65/ind

Organizational studies Essay Example

Organizational studies Essay The main characters in this movie are James p. Sully and Mike Waxworks as the workers at the Monster Inc. Another key characters are Henry J. Watermelon the Company Chairman, Randall Bogs the co-worker, Number 001 the Chief Of Children Detection Agency (CAD) and Boobs as the children. Generally, Monster Inc. Is viewed as a power sourcing company with target to produce energy source as many as they can and they have a slogan Mime scare because we care. They have scaring doors as a production doors and numbers of highly skill and professional scare teams. It is assumed that Monster Inc. Is the sole electrical energy provider for Monstrosities using children fearful scream as a source. The source is collected and preserve in the energy bank in the form of yellow bottle can. Monstrosities is populated with monster being and the films showed that the connection between monster world and human world is the children. The technique to scare the children is not easy as it perceive because from the beginning the monster believe that children are toxic and touching them would be fatal. Monster Inc has a training centre to produces the special scaring team that can go into the unman world and scare the children effectively without physical touch to their body or any of their belongings. How the Monster Inc does reflect as an organization? What elements of organization that can we expound from the movie? Company Theory Monster Inc as a commercial organization, they employ monster to achieve the target, and they bring together the monster and the sources to produce the solutions of the needs. Monster Inc has a leader to manage the organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational studies specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational studies specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational studies specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The company in the movie is a large power company. Just like any factory, employees bunch in to start work and bunch out at the end of he day. Employees and managers are separate in the hierarchy of the organization. In the Organizational theory, study of the organizational behavior with the environments, Monster Inc fit in the Resource Dependence Theory. Resource Dependence Theory is a theory of organization that seeks to explain organizational and inter-organizational behavior in terms of those critical resources which an organization must have in order to survive and function. As an open-systems theory, the resource dependence argument suggests that a given organization will respond to and become dependent on hose organizations or entities in its environment that control resources which are both critical to its operations and over which it has limited control. From the Movie, Monster Inc. Have three external environments that they need to adapt in their organization, the population, CAD and the children. The production of the power of the screaming children contributes to the survival of Monster Inc. They have imperative responsible to provide daily needs of the monster world, without Monster Inc. The monster world will have disastrous circumstances. So they have the obligation to maintain their revises in order to avoid that situation. Apart of that they have to complied with the regulations that no physical contact with the human world. Monster Inc. Company Organizations has been designed adapting to those environments. If any of the factor changes, Monster Inc. Also need to change. Their setback with one of the environments is that their only source of energy has evolved; the children are becoming hard to scare and Monster Inc. Chairman found that the situation is critical. This is where Henry and Randall secretly find alternative means to extract children scream by force. Their lack operation is a reaction of the scarcer resources and the policy set by the CAD. There is no observation that indicates Monster Inc. Acquire Research and Development department that can innovate the technology of power extraction. All by coincidence, they found other alternative resource to acquire the power source, which are by extracting children laugh that are ten times stronger than their scream. Scaring technique is not required anymore and technique making the children laugh is the preferable skill. Also there are no harms of physical contact with the human. At the end Monster Inc. Have hanged and may evolve into better organizations which the resources are multiple now. Company Structure @ Company System Monster Inc. Organizational structure is designed in hierarchy structured. First there is distinction between the workers what might be called administrators like the CEO and COO and the training manager. This shows that there are a hierarchy of managers and workers in the company. Second the leadership is shown on personnel level when Mike and Sully go out their way to save the company and the child form destruction. They uncover scandal in the organization that goes all the way up to the CEO. Their main components in the organization is the Scarecrows, they have numbers of scaring team working daily producing the power resource. The scaring team comprise of the scarcer and assistant. The scaring team on the Scarecrows in structured in horizontal line provides mass outcome daily. It is assumed that the account department, marketing department and training department are at the same level structured where they are direct link to the chairman. CAD is not part of the company, but CAD may not relevant in future in their operational after finds that there is no toxic effect by the children if contact. Company Strategy Monster Inc fosters good image and a reliable power company to the perception of the public in their advertisement. Even after the reveal of the scandal, Monster Inc they have promoted new paradigm of power sourcing where by the end of the film, the company is back in the black and a positive light when they change from screams to laughter as the best practice for powering their world, During the movie we see television commercials for the company with its slogan and tagging. We also see magazine covers and advertisements with corporate image messages. They continuously enhance laity of create power where the scarcer compete each other to be the high score scare leader. Through their work and through the training program, the organization is trying to improve their efforts to create power for the city. Turning to laughs in the end, instead of screams, is really TTS. Corporate culture Monster Inc presents corporate culture that shown in the routine of the workers. Employees of different job types socialize together in the break room and in the hallways. Workers relationships have created a culture which is the workers activities, the company history in the intranet and the way the errors look up to Sully and Mike and the CEO, who uses a walking around type of management style. Sullen is a hero of the company because he has been the lead scarcer for years. Other employees look up to him for advice. The company values safety and quality work. This is shown through the display of safe days and high production of the scarcer. Rites and rituals are also there through the procedures that are used and reinforced by the employees. Conclusion It seems that in this movie, Monster Inc the only company that serves the public for power resource. Without Monster Inc, the disruption of power apply may unavoidable, and this is unacceptable circumstances. As a Company in the Movie, more or less, few organizational lessons can be extracted as example for learning purposes. Company seems to be observed as classic bureaucracy but equipment and technology may change the management theory into scientific management after finding out the laughter is the best options for power source. Company strategy must have far vision to make sure there will be no disruption of resource.

corporate and business law Essays

corporate and business law Essays corporate and business law Paper corporate and business law Paper corporate and business law BY etu20110952 GASPARD vjrgile LAFITTE Pierre AC504E External auditing Take home case Pacific Sunwear of California Inc Executive summary † 3 The Sarbanes Oxley act: a compliance plan 4 Overview: 4 Summary of the Sarbanes-Oxley 4 The Sarbanes-Oxley act: † 404: Checklist: 5 Auditing standards n05: description of the procedures to comply with the section 5 International standards of auditing in reference with the 6 Processes to comply with the Section case How to comply with the 7 Procedures section 404? mplemented by Pacific Sunwear.. 8 Evaluation of the effectiveness of the process implemented by 9 Impact of the information disclosed on the stock PacSun † 10 Costs and benefits of Sarbanes- Oxley † 13 Recommendations for 15 References. 16 Appendix A : Deadline for the compliance with the different sections of internal the act.. † . 17 Appendix B: Certification required by the SEC about . 9 Appendix C: Certification required by 2 0 the SEC about disclosure controls Executive summary Pacific Sunwear of California entered in the stock market on Nasdaq in 1993. The Sarbanes Oxley act redacted in 2002, established new or enhanced standards for listing companies in the US markets and in particular the section 404 about the creation of an internal report each year, in response to a number of major corporate In this report, we will establish the impact of this United States federal law on PacSun by analyzing the process engendered, influence of the disclosures on the stock price, and the cost/benefits relation. The Sarbanes Oxley act: a compliance plan The Sarbanes-Oxley act enacted in 2002 is a United States federal law to respond to some major corporate and accounting scandals such as Enron, Tyco international or World com. These scandals cost billions of dollars to investors when stock prices collapsed and decreased the public confidence about nations securities markets and auditing standards. So, this standard established new or improved standards and regulations, for all US public company and all foreign companies listed in the US stock markets. This act contains 11 sections and required the Securities and Exchange Commission (US regulator which regulates the securities industry and the stocks and options markets) to implement the rules and comply with the new law. The deadlines to implement SOX are exposed in Appendix 1 . Summary of the Sarbanes-Oxley act: Then, we are going to describe quickly the different sections of the SOX act (except the section 4 explained below): 1 Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB): the objective of this board is to register and regulate all public accounting firms to implement compliance standards 2 Auditor independence: creation of standards for external auditor ndependence to reduce conflicts of interest 3 Corporate responsibility: defines the relation between external auditors and corporate audit committees 5 Analyst conflicts of interest: evokes practice to create a new public confidence in the reporting 6 Commission resources and authority: highlights practice to create a new public confidence in the financial analysts 7 Studies and reports: SEC has to make various studies and explain their findings 8 Corporate and criminal fraud accountability: describes criminal penalties for fraud 9 White collar crime penalty enhancements 0 Corporate tax returns requir ed to be signed by the Chief Executive Officer 1 1 Corporate fraud accountability: identified corporate fraud and records classified as criminal offenses The Sarbanes-Oxley 404: Checklist: The section 4 is about enhanced financial disclosures and increases requirements for financial reporting like off-balance sheet transactions. It requires internal controls to offer the accuracy of financial reports and disclosures. An internal control system is failures, or weaknesses in the system that must occur. The section 404 is the cornerstone of the section 4 and demands that each annual eport contain an internal control report. This additional report assesses the responsibility of management for establishing and implementing adequate procedures for financial reporting. This report must include: assessment of effectiveness of internal control structure and procedures, any code of ethics and contents of that code. Consequently, this section is really decisive because it implies extra costs to comply with this requirement for registered public companies in the US stock markets. The Appendix 2 and 3 sum up the certifications required by the SEC. Auditing standards 05: description of the procedures to comply with the section 404 Issued the 24th may 2007, the Auditing standards n05 substitutes the Auditing standards n02. The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board releases the AS n05 to describe the procedures to comply with the section 404: o Highlights a top-down risk based approach (financial risk assessment) o Places greater reliance on entity-level controls o Focuses on understanding and testing controls related to risks for significant accounts and disclosures o Allows for greater ability to rely on work of others o Changes definition of material weakness and significant deficiency: Material weakness: a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the companys annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Significant deficiency: A deficiency or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting that is less severe than a material weakness, yet important to merit the attention by those responsible for ove rsight of the companys financial reporting. o Simplifies the auditors opinion by eliminating opinion on managements ssessment of internal control 5 International standards of auditing in reference with the case The section 404 referred to some ISA standards: ISA 230 about audit documentation ISA 300 about planning an audit of financial statements ISA 330 about the auditors procedures in response to assessed risks ISA 500 about audit evidence ISA 600 about using the Work of Another Auditor 6 Processes to comply with the Section 404 After evoking the requirements of the section 404, we will describe the processes implemented by Pacific Sunwear first and by the other listed companies in general. Complying with Sarbanes-Oxley is complex; compliance requires a multiple approach involving many departments and many people which will be detailed below. How to comply with the Section 404? Generally, according to Sanjay Anand an internal control in accordance with Sarbanes-Oxley is following an eight-step process: 1 Establish a compliance committee which is specialist of the compliance with Sarbanesoxley and can have a general overview of the company about the risk and the solutions. The objective of this committee is to commit the various departments, to provide training and to communication about the objectives. Assess risk in order to identify the magnitude and potential impact of each risk in order to create a risk portfolio. 3 Set reporting objectives by determining the probability of risks and errors to define decision rules and reporting objectives. For ensuring internal control compliance, these areas need to be created: personnel control, system and resource controls, strategic planning controls and business service controls. 4 Prepare a formal implementation plan, which is a transition plan to move from project step to a day-to-day operation for an internal control system. Communicate the ongoing procedures by presenting clearly and effectively with the focusing on understanding, acceptance and observance. 6 Provide training implemented by the compliance committee in internal policies, practices and procedures. 7 Document processes and risk management certified by the Chief Executing Officer and the Chief Financial Officer so as to demonstrate the efficiency of the internal control system. Perform continuous evaluation performed by the manager in order to establish and maintain controls and to ensure the appropriate compliance. 7 Procedures implemented by Pacific Sunwear The most expensive costs of compliance were those linke d with the section 404: costs about internal controls over financial reporting. The procedures of compliance are only described for the two first years in the case study: 2004 and 2005. Before the compliance, PacSun had not internal control system. They only created it in mid 2003 and they paid the services of a Big-4 auditing firms as required by the section 404. They expanded the internal control department at the end of 2004. About the procedures they implemented in 2004, PacSun followed a process in five steps: 1) Scope and plan the evaluation 2) Document the controls nd correct deficiencies 5) Reports on internal control They identified also 21 major business processes assigned to an owner with the objective to develop detailed process narratives. These major business processes were divided into sub processes with the detail of the business objectives and the risks. At the end of 2004, they had identified a total of 238 key controls and they managed to highlight a significant deficiency about the revaluation of deferred leases which can affect by definition the reliability of external auditing data. Then, all public officers had to certify in their area that the control was effective. The CEO and CFO certified then of the fairness and reliability of the financial statements. In 2005, the process became easier because all the information had already been created. They reduced the number of key controls to 222, only a 7% decrease, in comparison with larger companies (19% of decrease). They discovered a new significant deficiency because they didnt recognize liabilities about the companys loyalty program. 8 Evaluation of the effectiveness of the process implemented by PacSun Strengths: Enables to discover two significant deficiencies which misstate the financial statements Enable to create an efficient internal control system, which reduces the risks and increases the efficiency of the global system Implementation of a double control : internal control and Big-4 auditing firms control Better assessment of risks implied Significant reduction of the costs after the first year of implementation of about 40%, comparable to the other companies Commitment of all the employees which can increase the motivation and the corporate culture Better disclosure of financial information for financial analysts and investors Weaknesses: Compliance costs of $2 million in 2004 and $1. million in 2005 Additional costs associated with the training of the staff with the necessary creation of a SOX program training The compliance is very time-consuming with an increase of the formalization Competitive disadvantage in comparison with the other competitors not listed Overall, PacSun had efficiently implemented the compliance and the weaknesses will tend to reduce over the long term. However, PacSun management believed that the costs are greater than the benefits engendered. The costs implied and generally the time spent to respect the compliance rules, can Justify this opinion. Impact of the information disclosed on the stock prices In 2005, PacSun need to restate his prior two years financial statements, which resulted in no material change to net income. Auditors Judge restatement like deficiencies but they dont agree about the type of deficiency: two of the Big-4 firms judge this particular type of restatement as only a significant deficiency, i. e. a control deficiency, or combination of control deficiencies, that adversely affects the companys ability to be in accordance with GAAP. The others two Judge it to be a material weakness, i. e. significant deficiency, or combination of significant deficiencies, that result in more than remote likelihood that a material misstatement of financial statements will not be prevented or detected. by the PacSun loyalty program called Pac Bucks. In fact, the liabilities and expenses of this program were not recognizing in the proper quarter. This accounting problem was considered by external auditors like a significant deficiency, but not a material weakness. Thus, in FY 2005, PacSun received clean financial statement and 404 opinions. What is the impact of Information Disclosure provided by these deficiencies n PacSuns stock price? In this graph, we can see that the PacSuns stock price is very volatile between 2005 to 2007 (Beta higher than 1) when the NASDAQ is regularly up. This volatility can be explained by 10 the convergence of PacSun to SOX and the substantial increase of information provided on the firm. But it is very hard to have a real opinion of the impact of Information Disclosure on stock Market Returns with a unique firm. Thus we will answer with papers which study this impact on a large sample of US Company. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 is one of the , if not the, most important pieces of egislation affecting corporations traded on the US stock exchanges, since the Securities Act of 1932 and Securities Exchange Act of A934 were enacted (Gordon et al. 2007). The SOX act introduced significant changes to financial practice and corporate governance regulation, including new rules designed to protect investors by improving the accuracy and reliability of corporate disclosures made pursuant to the securities laws. And the part of the Act having the most impact must be Section 404, which requires management to submit to the SEC with the companys annually filed financial statements, an internal control report, an assessment of the ffectiveness of the internal control structure and procedures for financial reporting, and finally an audit report which include a description of material weakness in such internal controls and of any material noncompliance. Furthermore, where significant deficiencies exist, they need to be identified as required under SOX like we saw in the PacSun case. Many studies demonstrate that the passage of mandatory government regulation like SOX may be altering the operation of capital market by affecting the stock performance of firms. In 2007, Balakrishnan et Al. , examine, by a dataset on stock arket abnormal returns and consists of 300 firms, how the stock market reaction varies for 8-K filling and how this reaction have changed since the passage of the SOX act. The result is that the SOX have the particularity to increase the information flow of a firm. Thus when a disclosure of a deficiency is promulgated, the information is quickly announced by media and have a direct negative impact on the stock market price. Inversely, when a firm received clean financial statement and 404 opinions, we can think that stock price is positively impacted because its an evidence of a very ood internal control of the firm. Another interesting dimension to consider would be the size of the firm. The effect of Sarbanes-Oxley on the firms information environment is expected to vary with the size of the firm (Ghose et al. 2006). In fact, international firm, but in the US sportswear market, this size is important. In a stock market where diversification is one of the solutions to leverage the risk, PacSun can be a blue chip. Thus, a special attention is paid to it by media. 1 Finally, we can say that disclosure of these deficiencies have had a negative effect on irms stock price but, on the contrary, clean financial statement certification and Good 404 opinion have a positive impact on stock price. In addition, a firm can decide to increase the speed with which information reaches investors by publicizing it in me dia articles. Its a good way to build a loyal firms brand image i. e. increase the investor recognition and limited the impact of bad news on the stock price. 12 Costs and benefits of Sarbanes-Oxley PacSun executives seem convinced that the costs of complying with SOX were greater than the benefits to the company. Though, according to a survey entitled Oversight Systems financials Executive Report conducted with 222 corporate finance leaders, 74 percent said their company benefited from SOX, 79 percent reported significantly stronger or somewhat stronger internal controls as a result of SOX, 46 percent said SOX compliance benefits the company by ensuring accountability and 75 percent said they would vote to keep Section 404 if they were members of Congress. In fact, the benefits of SOX Compliance are multiple: There is a positive influence on maintaining investor confidence (and long-term share price) through increased ransparency and fewer surprises. Financial reporting is more timely and reliable. Overall control culture and corporate governance process are improved. Outdated, redundant and inflective processes and controls are eliminated. Employee on- boarding process is easier Then, why did PacSun not benefit from the compliance process to the same extent as some other companies? Or were their compliance costs too high? The main issue of PacSun is this medium size ($1 billon in market capitalization). The high cost of SOX implementation is financially draining many firms. The SOX doesnt ake a distinction between large-cap billion-dollar companies and small-cap; $75- millon companies (the minimum cap to be obliged to apply SOX). Therefore, the Act requires all public companies to comply with the same regulations; it doesnt take into consideration that small companies arent as complex in organizational structure as large companies. Because large corporations have complex business models, more complicated accounting practices, they already have a lot of controls in place to ensure the efficiency of their operations that are required by SOX. In other hand, maller companies have simpler organizational structures and, thus, have slighter accounting practices, which generate simpler financial statements. These small firms require less internal controls. Therefore, since small companies have simpler subject to the same internal control and external auditing requirement of large companies. In the case of PacSun, this business model and accounting practice are closer from a small firm as shown this number of key controls (222 versus an average of 540 for the large companies). In addition, the SOX were created to fight against corporate scandals like Enron. But the majority of these scandals have occurred in large corporations with thousand of shareholders by the intermediary of retirement/pension fund. PacSun doesnt have the same type of shareholders and doesnt require the same level of protection for the shareholder interests. Therefore, although shareholder interests should be protected, SOX regulations arent needed for smaller firms that have simple business structures and a small number of shareholders that are unlikely to fraud themselves (entrepreneurs who start the company, their families, and public shareholders without any link between them). Implanting SOX is a long and costly process for companies. In the case of PacSun where his market is not occupied by large companies but especially by little firms (under the $75-million cap) which dont apply SOX, this implantation creates for PacSun a competitive disadvantage and stumps their growth by requiring them to spend excessive amounts of money and time to implement regulation. As example of costs, we have the cost of training, the implementation of a strong internal control, an increase of the size of finance/accounting departments, the fees of the audit firms ; he required amount of money is disproportionately larger in comparison with the largest firms. Thus in conclusion, we can say that SOX were designed in priority for large and complex companies. These costs are too high in relation with the engendered benefits for small caps. 4 Recommendations for PacSun Continue the work to reduce the number of key controls and try to improve a large part of them (better define it and really find an utility) Check the conformity between all marketing projects and internal control before a launching Optimize the balance between internal and external auditors to reduce the work of he external auditors Change your mind: SOX is an advantage to improve internal control Create a training and development program with an e learning module for example References Anand, S. (2006), Sarbanes-Oxley guide for finance and information technology professionals, John Wiley and Sons, 2nd edition Balakrishnan, K. , Ghose, A. and Ipeirotis, P. 2007), the Impact of Information Disclosure on Stock Market Returns: The Sarbanes- Oxley Act and the Role of Media as an Information Intermediary, University of Cambridge Bowling, D. Julien, R. and Rieger, L. (2003), Implementation of Sarbanes-Oxley S 404: Ensuring Compliance, Leveraging Opportunities Ghose, A. and RaJan. U. (2006) The Economic Impact of Regulatory Information Disclosure on Information Security Investments, Competition, and Social Welfare Proceedings of the Workshop on Economics of Information Security, University of Cambridge Gordon, L. , Loeb, M. , Lucyshyn, W. and Sohail, T. (2006), The Impact of the Sarbanesoxley Act on the Corporate Disclosures of Information Security Activities. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 25(5) pp. 503-530. Grinberg, E. 2007), The impact of Sarbanes Oxley Act 2002 on Small Firms, Pace University Ramos, M. (2004), How to comply with Sarbanes-Owley Section 404. Assessing the Effectiveness of Internal Control, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Available on: http:// books. google. fr/books? id=GAMR23qTQUC=process+to+comply+with+section +404=frontcover=bl= LaTJJAf1 e 1 16 Appendix A : Deadline for the compliance with the different sections of the actl professionals, John Wiley and Sons, 2nd edition, page 63/64 17 18 Appendix B: Certification required by the SEC about internal controls2 professionals, John Wiley and Sons, 2nd edition, page 68

4 Criminals Prosecuted During the American Civil War

4 Criminals Prosecuted During the American Civil War The conditions that captured Union soldiers endured at the Confederacy’s Andersonville Prison were horrific. During the 18 months that the prison was in operation, nearly 13,000 Union soldiers died from malnutrition, disease, and exposure to the elements due to inhumane treatment by Andersonville’s Commander Henry Wirz.  So it really should come as no surprise that his prosecution for war crimes after the South’s surrender is the most well-known trial resulting from the Civil War.  But it is not as commonly known that there were almost one thousand other military prosecutions of Confederates. Many of these were due to the mistreatment of captured Union soldiers. Henry Wirz Henry Wirz took command of Andersonville Prison on March 27, 1864, about one month after the first prisoners arrived there.  One of Wirz’s first acts was to create an area called the dead-line fence, designed to increase security by keeping prisoners away from the stockade wall. Any prisoner who crossed the â€Å"dead-line† was subject to being shot by the prison guards.  During Wirzs reign as commander, he used threats to keep prisoners in line. When threats didn’t appear to work, Wirz ordered sentries to shoot prisoners.  In May 1865, Wirz was arrested at Andersonville and transported to Washington, D.C. to await trial.  Wirz was tried for conspiring to injure and/or kill captured soldiers by improperly denying them access to food, medical supplies, and clothing. He was also charged with murder for personally executing a number of prisoners. Approximately 150 witnesses testified against Wirz at his military trial, which lasted from August 23 to October 18, 1865.  After being found guilty of all charges against him, Wirz was sentenced to death and hanged on November 10, 1865. James Duncan James Duncan was another officer from Andersonville Prison who was also arrested.  Duncan, who had been assigned to the quartermasters office, was convicted of manslaughter for intentionally withholding food from the prisoners.  He was sentenced to 15 years of hard labor but escaped after serving only one year of his sentence. Champ Ferguson At the onset of the Civil War, Champ Ferguson was a farmer in Eastern Tennessee. This areas population was fairly equally divided between supporting the Union and the Confederacy.  Ferguson organized a guerilla company that attacked and killed Union sympathizers.  Ferguson also acted as a scout for Colonel John Hunt Morgans Kentucky cavalry, and Morgan promoted Ferguson to the rank of Captain of Partisan Rangers.  The Confederate Congress passed a measure called the Partisan Ranger Act which allowed for the recruitment of irregulars into service.  It should be noted that due to a lack of discipline amongst Partisan Rangers, General Robert E. Lee called for the repeal of the Act by the Confederate Congress in February 1864.  After a trial before a military tribunal, Ferguson was convicted of killing more than 50 captured Union soldiers. He was executed by hanging in October 1865. Robert Kennedy Robert Kennedy was a Confederate officer who had been captured by Union forces and was imprisoned at Johnson’s Island Military Prison. The prison was located in Sandusky Bay, which is on the Lake Erie coast just a few miles from Sandusky, Ohio.  Kennedy escaped from Johnson’s Island in October 1864, making his way into Canada - which maintained neutrality towards both sides.  Kennedy met up with several Confederate officers who were using Canada as a launching  pad to conduct war acts against the Union. He participated in a plot to start fires at numerous hotels, as well as at a museum and a theatre in New York City, with the intent to overwhelm local authorities.  All the fires were either put out quickly or failed to do any damage.  Kennedy was the only one who was captured.  After a trial before a military tribunal, Kennedy was executed by hanging in March 1865.

Refrigeration cycle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Refrigeration cycle - Essay Example The cycle is very important since it affects many areas of our lives. As said earlier, it is used in refrigerators and freezers that allow food preservation. Refrigerated boats and fishing boats allow the preservation of the catch (Brain & Elliott, 2015). In addition, trucks that transport perishable vegetables, as well as other types of perishable products such as meat, are fitted with refrigerators for preservation. The cycle is also used in air conditioners that are fitted in houses and automobiles such as cars and planes. Air conditioners help in altering air properties such as temperature and humidity to more comfortable conditions (Brain & Elliott, 2015). Basically the main aim of the conditioned air is to enhance thermal comfort, as well as indoor air quality In addition, the cycle is very important in the medical procedures that require lowering of body temperatures. Vapor compression refrigeration is used in industries to chill as well as condense chemicals that fail to possess the ability to be condensed at ambient temperatures. Moreover, Refrigeration cycles are also used in cryogenics, which is the study of the behavior of materials at low temperatures. Cryogenics subject various materials to very low temperatures by the use of ammonia refrigerators in their study Homes are also fitted with heat pumps that use vapor-compression pump cycles. These heat pumps allow household heating since they allow heat transfer from the cooler outside environment into the warmer inside. These pumps are often used in moderate climate areas since they remain efficient compared to electrical resistors given that the outside temperatures do not drop to very low levels (N.A, 2010). Since the equipment, as well as the working fluid, is very light, they are used as air conditioners in passenger aircrafts. Moreover, they are also used in cargo planes that transport perishable products such as fruits and vegetables. However, thermoelectric

Collective bargaining report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Collective bargaining report - Assignment Example It is worthy noting that, collective bargaining is a recognized approach of creating a system of industrial jurisprudence. It acts as a method of introducing civil rights in the industry. It is vital to note that, this procedure enhances management by rules and diminishes management characterized by arbitrary decision-making. More over, collective bargaining is a proven procedure that aid in the establishment of regulations, which define and restrict the traditional authority exercised by the management. There are numerous benefits attributed to collective bargaining process2. They include chances of increasing the strength of the employees consequently their bargaining capacity as a team. On the same note, this study establishes that, collective bargaining increases the self-esteem and productivity of the workforce3. Furthermore, it restrains management’s freedom for arbitrary and unilateral actions against the employees. In addition, collective bargaining has played a fundam ental role in ensuring that, fair settlement of the workers’ grievances is secured. This is possible through the provision of a flexible approach for the adjustment of wages and employment conditions to economic and technological changes in the business. This is owing to the reduced chances for conflicts4. On the side of the employers, collective bargaining aid in easier resolving of issues at the bargaining point rather than taking up complaints of individual employees. In addition, collective bargaining widens the channel of communication amid the employees and thereby reducing the cost of labour turnover to management consequently increases employee involvement in decision-making. Furthermore, collective bargaining is fundamental in resolving industrial disputes. Besides benefits of collective bargaining towards both the employee and the employer, this study examines the gains of collective bargaining attributed to the society. The society gains in terms of industrial peac e stability in the country. More over, it facilitates the establishment of a harmonious industrial climate that aid the country to grow economically and socially. Another significant benefit credited to collective bargaining to the society involves constant check of worker’s exploitation and discrimination. The process of negotiation and substance bargaining is complex since it entails numerous stages, which sometimes remain derailed due to disagreements and conditions. Evaluation and selection strategy A negotiation process starts with evaluation and selection of a strategy, which is intended to guide the problem solving5. This normally involves diverse approaches or procedures of mediation or arbitration. Making contact with other parties The second stage involves making contact with the other party or parties this stage enhances building of personal credibility and promoting commitment tot he procedures set. Collection and analysis of background information The third stage involves the collection and analyzing the background information. The relevant information collected is fundamental in understanding the dynamism exhibited by the participants. In addition, it enhances verification of the data accuracy and minimizes unavailable data. Designing of the negotiation plan The fourth stage involves designing of a detailed plan for negotiation. This

Person-centred approach - Carl Rogers Essay Example for Free

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Gingko Biloba Essay -- Herbal Supplements Papers

Gingko Biloba Introduction We, as consumers, are always trying to find new products to buy in which to improve ourselves. In modern-day American culture, improving oneself has become synonymous with feeling younger and healthier. Gingko biloba extract is one of the popular herbal supplements being marketed to mainstream consumers as a "smart" and "anti-aging" drug (http://www.stevemorow.com/food.htm) which will work to help to increase their overall brain functioning in the normal population, as well as, those who suffer from mental impairment due to aging. Gingko biloba extract has also been labeled an anti-aging drug due to its antioxidant properties, its supposed free radical scavenger properties, as well as its reported increases in people’s overall mental functioning. You see advertisements for it on television, as well as, the Internet making a large number of different kinds of claims of Gingko biloba’s benefits. The claimed benefits range from increasing overall brain functioning in norma l people to people with mental impairment, to being a mood enhancer (http://www.televar.com/alpha/biloba.html), to helping with such slight conditions as cough and asthma, to helping increase circulation in patients suffering from painful vascular diseases to actually having "slimming" applications (http://www.mmpinc.com/WHATS.HTM). If all these claims are true, then Gingko biloba extract sounds like a "mulit-cure"drug for the entire population. This paper will attempt to reduce the confusion associated with the large number of claimed benefits of taking Gingko biloba by explaining what the research literature has to back up these claims. I had a hard time myself keeping track of all the reported claims. At this time, Gingko bil... ...esearch, 4(2), 89-93. Taillandier, J., Ammar, A., Rabourdin, J.P., Ribeyre, J.P., Pichon, J., Niddam, S., Pierart, H. (1986). Treatment of cerebral aging disorders with Gingko biloba extract. A longitudinal multicenter double-blind drug vs. placebo study. Presse Medicale, 15(31) Sep. 25, 1583-7. Vettorello, G., Cerreta, G., Derwish, A., Cataldi, A., Schettino, A., Occhionorelli, S., Donini, I. (1996). Contribution of a combination of aplha and beta benzopyrones, flavonoids, and natural terpenes in the treatment of lymphedema of the lower limbs at the 2nd stage of the surgical classification. Minerva Cardioangiologica, 44(9), 447-55. Warot, D., Lacomblez, L., Danjou, P., Weiller, E., Payan, C., Puech, A.J. (1991). Comparative effects of gingko biloba extracts on psychomotor performances and memory in healthy subjects. Therapie, 46(1) Jan-Feb, 33-6.

Brave New World Analysis on Characters

Brave New World Analysis on Characters â€Å"The world’s stable now. People are happy; they get what they want, and they never want what they can’t get†¦ they are so conditioned that they practically can’t help behaving as they ought to behave† (Huxley 198). Many people speak and dream about a perfect world, for the problems which we face in the present world to simply just go away. Brave New World is a novel which shows an example of what life would be like in a utopian society. Read also Analysis of Characters in Flannery O’Connor’s â€Å"The Life You Save May Be Your Own†It shows the differences that civilization has against the savage world, which is how we live in present day. The characters in Brave New World all experience the controversy between nature vs nurture ultimately leading to their unhappiness. An individual can be given everything they need but yet still live unhappy. This especially can be seen with one of the main characters in Brave New World, Bernard. He was an Alpha Plus, the highest class in civilization, but unfortunately didn’t look like most Alphas (69). Despite his class, he was an outcast and spent most of his time alone.The narrator in the novel explains, â€Å"The mockery made him feel an outsider; and feeling an outsider he behaved like one, which increased the prejudice against him and aroused hostility about his physical defects†¦ which increased the sense of being alien and alone† (68) . Although he had a high title it didn’t make him feel happy. He felt like there was more to life than a set routine they were all given in civilization. Bernard felt himself different; he wanted to feel emotions and not just live day by day on fake happiness.Bernard expresses his frustration to be feel different when he states, â€Å" But wouldn’t you like to be free to be happy in some other way, Lenina? In your own way, for example, not in everybody else’s way† (90). Bernard was tired of being enslaved by his conditioning. The people of the New World were all taught to think, act, and see things a certain way. No individuality. Living in a controlled world doesn’t cause happiness, it just numbs people of actual feelings. Lenina is a â€Å"pneumatic girl†, very popular, and has spent a night with almost all of the men in civilization. Pleasure was key in the controlled world.She found herself wanted by men, and like most women enjoyed havi ng sex with men. When Lenina began talking to Bernard, she didn’t agree with him on wanting more to life. She’d rather be on soma, a drug that would numb them from any true emotions, whenever she felt a little uneasy, just like everyone else. Lenina’s unhappiness comes when Bernard takes her into the Savage world and she sees how John and Linda and everyone else is living. Her immediate reaction was to find some soma. She couldn’t believe how people grew old, suffered, and had to deal with everyday problems.Lenina began falling for John and quickly realized that she wanted something specifically with him that most men couldn’t satisfy. Lenina states to her friend Fanny, â€Å"And what about a man– one man. Hes the one i want†¦ and in intervals I still like him. I shall always like him† (171). Lenina had never felt like this before, therefore she didn’t know how to handle it. The only thing she knew of about men was to have sex with them. When John rejected sleeping with her, she was completely taken by surprise. The narrator explains, â€Å" Drying her eyes†¦ she pulled out her soma bottle†¦ hers had been more than a one-gramme affliction† (157).Never being in the position, she immediately turned to soma to help her cope with what she was feeling. She has been living numb to emotion and for the first time she was forced to feel unwanted and ached for an escape. Linda was a Delta in a civilized world who went on a trip with the Director to the Savage world. Unfortunately for her she had fell and bumped her head, causing her to get lost and be taken in by Native Americans (112). The Director searched for her but was never able to find her. To her dismay she was pregnant and had a baby named John. Linda only knew how to act like a civilized person.She was very promiscuous and like the controlled world, began to sleep around with different men. This was strange to the Savage World and th ey then began to call her names and make her an outcast. Linda stated, â€Å"I was so ashamed. Just to think of it; me a Beta– having a baby† (114). Having John was very difficult for her. Linda had no idea how to be a mother, how to nurture, or even how to be a good role model for the child. Linda thought of how perfect her life would be if she were to return to the civilized world, returning to soma. She was willing to do whatever just to be back in the New World, â€Å"†¦ here was her appearance†¦ so the best people were quite determined not to see Linda. And Linda, had no desire to see them. The return to civilization was for her the return to soma† (142). Linda thought all her problems would be solved by going back to the controlled world, but in fact they made her even more depressed and unwanted. She had nobody except for John and she would rather be numb and not feel anything than deal with civilization. Where would she find true happiness if i n the Savage World she is discriminated for her ways, and in civilization she no longer fits in.Living in the Savage world, one can only imagine how perfect the civilized world could be. Unfortunately, having came from the savage world John had something to compare the controlled world to. Being the son to a women in the civilized world, he had heard nothing but wonders about it. On the other hand, having been raised in the Savage World allowed John to learn morals and want to find a purpose in life. When John reached the civilized world he was completely disappointed on how fake everything and everyone was. â€Å" How much I love you, Lenina†¦ or always†¦ to make a promise to live together for always† (174). John had seen his mother sleep with so many men and get teased by it that he did not want to just sleep with the women he liked. He wanted to marry and be with just that one. For Lenina this was just nonsense, and that just made John not want anything to do wit h her. He wanted to feel a special connection with Lenina that she had never had before. By the end John decides to be isolated because he would rather deal with his emotions than live in a â€Å"perfect† world numb and unhappy.Ultimately, the utopian society didn’t mean solving all problems and people forever living happy. If a civilization is all an individual knows, how is it that they still manage to be unhappy? There is no happiness when people are living numb from what is really going on. When it comes to the topic of a utopian society vs the kind of society in which we currently live in, I think there is really no solution. We are human and as much as they can try to condition human beings, there is still going to be some kind of downfall.

Australian Consumer Law Tutorial Answers

A representative for Scoutmaster told Mrs. Trans that: ; â€Å"We believe the new rent is very reasonable and below the market value†; and The rent is lower than the rental paid by other tenants in the Food Court† Both statements were incorrect. Scoutmaster gave Mrs. Trans 7 days to agree to the lease renewal, but provided no reason for giving this limited time frame. Advise Mrs. Trans as to whether Scoutmaster Pity Ltd has breached the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (previously referred to as Trade Practices Act 1974 (Act)) and if so, her available remedies.Issue: Were the statements misleading or deceptive in breach of the Australian Consumer Law? Law: ; Section 18, Schedule 2 to the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Act) (or alternatively you can say Section 18 Australian Consumer Law which is the title for Schedule 2) ; Section 4 (â€Å"presumption of misleading†) ; Eveready Australia Pity Ltd v Gillette Australia Pity Ltd OR Taco Company of Status Inc v T aco Bell Pity Ltd (â€Å"objective test†) Application: ; Explain which of the statements was an opinion and why the law presumes it was misleading (e was there any basis for making the opinion? ; Apply the objective test to the second statement made by the Scoutmaster representative. In particular: (what will be the target market and why would a reasonable person from that target market be misled or deceived? Issue: Did Scoutmaster engage in unconscionable conduct? ; Section 22 Australian Consumer Law ; Miller v Gunter & Ours OR Commercial Bank of Australia v Amid ; Explain why section 21 and not section 20 applies ; Explain why Scoutmasters' conduct was in trade or commerce ; Explain what the conduct was and why it was unconscionable, with reference to the factors listed in section 22 of the Australian Consumer Law.In particular: o The superior bargaining position of Scoutmaster o Ability to understand documents o Undue pressure and tactics used Issue: Did Scoutmaster make a false or misleading representation? Section Australian Consumer Law ; Explain why the statements were false regarding the price of a service, in particular noting what the relevant price is and what the service is in the question. Issue: What are the remedies? Law: Section 236 (damages); Section 232 (injunction); Section 243 (other orders) ; Explain the remedies that Mrs. Trans would be seeking as you are advising her and not the AC.In particular: o Explain what an injunction would do and why Mrs. Trans would want this remedy; o Explain when Mrs. Trans would be entitled to damages and how damages would be calculated o Explain when Mrs. Trans loud want to vary the contract and what the variation would be o Explain when Mrs. Trans would want to void the contract and what the effect of voiding the contract would be Conclusion: ; Scoutmaster has engaged in misleading and deceptive conduct, unconscionable conduct and made a false or misleading representation in respect of the price of a service.

Free Essays on The Winnipeg General Strike

In the Canadian labour movement’s long and continuing history of struggles to establish its trade-union rights, no episode was more spectacular, explosive or meaningful than the Winnipeg General Strike of 1919. General strikes by definition involve working-class confrontations with authority and produce a massive disruption of society while paralysing economic life. They are â€Å"cataclysmic events [and] by their nature, unlikely to be created in a day.†1 The Winnipeg General Strike had many roots, including class polarization, working conditions and socialist ideas. The labour relations conflict was compounded during World War I and intensified when the war ended. On May 15, 1919, the labour conflict reached its climax as the whole productive life of the city ground to a halt and thousands of workers joined the union members in walking off their jobs, commencing the General Strike. In many ways Winnipeg was at war with itself. The city was divided socially, economically, geographically, and ethnically. 2 While labour and business battled for power, there was also an ethnic prejudice problem that plagued the city. Winnipeg was divided into two main groups: people of British origin and the more recent immigrants (who were labelled aliens), who were mostly from Eastern Europe. These immigrants inhabited the area north of the CPR rail tracks, which provided not only a physical division between the rich and the poor, but also an â€Å"ethnic schism.†3 In fact â€Å"in the areas largely populated by immigrants from central Europe, overcrowding, illiteracy, crime and seasonal unemployment rule[d].†4 Even the most skilled workers were affected. Despite the fact that they generally had better paying jobs than the unskilled workers, they still had to compete with child labour and did not have control over wages. Many of the recent immigrants from Britain ex perienced the working-class uprisings in the industrial revolution and brought with them ... Free Essays on The Winnipeg General Strike Free Essays on The Winnipeg General Strike In the Canadian labour movement’s long and continuing history of struggles to establish its trade-union rights, no episode was more spectacular, explosive or meaningful than the Winnipeg General Strike of 1919. General strikes by definition involve working-class confrontations with authority and produce a massive disruption of society while paralysing economic life. They are â€Å"cataclysmic events [and] by their nature, unlikely to be created in a day.†1 The Winnipeg General Strike had many roots, including class polarization, working conditions and socialist ideas. The labour relations conflict was compounded during World War I and intensified when the war ended. On May 15, 1919, the labour conflict reached its climax as the whole productive life of the city ground to a halt and thousands of workers joined the union members in walking off their jobs, commencing the General Strike. In many ways Winnipeg was at war with itself. The city was divided socially, economically, geographically, and ethnically. 2 While labour and business battled for power, there was also an ethnic prejudice problem that plagued the city. Winnipeg was divided into two main groups: people of British origin and the more recent immigrants (who were labelled aliens), who were mostly from Eastern Europe. These immigrants inhabited the area north of the CPR rail tracks, which provided not only a physical division between the rich and the poor, but also an â€Å"ethnic schism.†3 In fact â€Å"in the areas largely populated by immigrants from central Europe, overcrowding, illiteracy, crime and seasonal unemployment rule[d].†4 Even the most skilled workers were affected. Despite the fact that they generally had better paying jobs than the unskilled workers, they still had to compete with child labour and did not have control over wages. Many of the recent immigrants from Britain ex perienced the working-class uprisings in the industrial revolution and brought with them ...

Cheating Your Way Through Exams Best Tricks

Cheating Your Way Through Exams Best Tricks Everyone knows that cheaters never prosper, but that doesn’t stop people from trying. In fact, some students are willing to put in more effort in finding ways to avoid learning than it would ever take them to actually study. Here are some of the more amusing ways that college students have invented to cheat their way through school. The Water Bottle Trick If your exam room has an open food and drink policy, this is one of the more creative options. Simply take the label off of a water bottle the night before your test. You can write your notes and answers on the white portion of the bottle and then stick it back on. Whenever you need an answer, all you have to do is take a drink. Of course, spending most of class gazing longingly at your water bottle may also make you look like a psycho. Beauty School Dropout For women, cheating can be as easy as writing infinitely small words on your fingernails. All you have to do is find a tiny pen or pencil, whittle it down to the size of a human hair, and then write your notes. Okay, so maybe it’s not so easy. Also, if you have the patience and determination to write the Pythagorean Theorum on your nails, maybe you should consider putting all that effort into studying. Hats Off to Cheating Another great way to cheat is to write your notes on the inside brim of a baseball cap. When your head is down looking at your desk, your teacher can’t see that your eyeballs are actually faced up towards the ceiling. But remember: if you don’t normally wear a baseball cap, it will look weird if you start on the day of your test. Also, anyone sitting next to you will be able to see your notes and nark you out. Sitting Pretty If you know where the exam will take place, go ahead of time and write the notes you need on the desk or the chair in front of you. This is a great option if your classroom is left unlocked and there is no chance for passersby to see you modifying the desk like a creeper. Also, you run the risk of the teacher seeing and erasing your hard work before the test even starts. Legstravagant Although this tactic can work for guys, it’s most effective for girls who don’t look weird lifting up their skirts in public. For this creative cheating method, you write the answers on your knees or thighs. Then, when you get stuck, you lift up your skirt to check the answer. While this can be a great method if you have a lot of information to review, this method often captures the attention of both the teachers and the distracted guys sitting next to you. Keeping It Kleenex If acting is your forte, the Kleenex notebook is the way to go. You can write your notes ahead of time on a single sheet of Kleenex and then stuff it in your bag. When you come into class, sniffle, cough, and sneeze your way to an A. Just be careful not to use your Kleenex for real – at least, not unless you want the answers all over your face. Sticky Situation Writing on your hands, legs, or ankles has the unpleasant side effect of not being easily removed when your teacher asks to see them. An alternative is to write your notes on a piece of clear tape and then attach it to your clothing. When you’re done, you can just throw away the evidence. That is, assuming you can still find it. Lasting Impressions If your teacher usually gives out a piece of scratch paper, this trick is perfect for you. The night before, write out your notes on a piece of paper with the blank piece underneath. Although your paper will look blank from far away, you’ll be able to read the impressions easily. But, test it first. Your teacher will get concerned if you’re randomly staring and mumbling at a blank piece of paper. Mirror Glasses Anyone who wears glasses knows that you can catch a reflection in the very upper corners if you try. You can make this even more pronounced by cutting up a small mirror and sticking two little pieces in the corners. But, make sure you sit next to someone who knows the answers. Otherwise you’ve ruined a perfectly good pair of glasses for a â€Å"D†. Cheating isn’t going to make you smarter or more capable in the long run. It can lead to failure and potential expulsion, not to mention the loss of respect of your peers and professors. But, if you truly have nothing left to lose, it can be fun to see what you can get away with! Have you ever cheated? Do you know some funny cheating tricks? How do you feel about cheating in general? Were looking forward to your comments! Feature Image Credit: Oxfordlearning

Data Analysis by SQL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Data Analysis by SQL - Essay Example Based on the results obtained, it is evident that the highest value customers in terms of the revenue are mainly from Europe, including, Denmark, Germany and France. The total revenue from US customers amounts to $ 56,029, whereas the revenue from France is $ 68,011. By identifying the products bought by the customers, their preferences can be identified. This will enable the firm to create a customer profile and make the appropriate products readily available in the proper locations. It will also be beneficial to identify the most preferred shipping service of the customers. From the database, it is evident that the United Package has been chosen for 326 times, the Federal Express was preferred for around 255 orders, whereas Speedy Express for 249 orders. Hence it is evident that the three shipping services are equally important. The orders are analysed based on the products, in order to identify the most preferred and the highest revenue generating products.The high revenue generating categories are also identified and the role of discounts in the orders are also analysed. From the analysis, the highly sold product has been found as Gorgonzoo Telino whereas the product generating the highest revenue is Cote de Blaye.However, when analysing the categories, it is found that the best selling categories in terms of revenue and number of products are Beverages, Dairy products and Confections. It is imperative to note that the least revenue generating revenues include Produce and Grains and Cereals.

The symbolic meaning of tattoos and society today Essay

The symbolic meaning of tattoos and society today - Essay Example Originating perhaps as significant identification or ranking systems and evolving through time to take on a variety of meanings and approaches, today’s artistic approach to the tattoo can be as obscure and complex as some of the designs are themselves or as simple as a drunken night on the town coupled with a sudden impulse and an unscrupulous artist. However, only the latter of these two options is typically acknowledged in modern society’s perspective of the art. Samuel M. Steward (1990) indicates there are a variety of reasons why people may choose to get a tattoo including decoration, narcissism, exhibitionism, possession, sadomasochism, rivalry, sexuality and fetishism among a multitude of other possible motivations. Despite any cultural pressures, there remain a variety of reasons why individuals may continue to choose not to be tattooed. These reasons can be based upon physical attributes, such as a general distaste for the practice or more serious health concerns or simply a realization of the eventual breakdown of skin tissue that will render the tattoo-less recognizable in later years. Many people dislike the concept of permanence associated with the tattoo. They fear they may grow tired of the image they chose as young people and justify their abstinence upon this concept alone. A more immediate physical concern is the sensation of â€Å"hundreds of thousands of prices over a period of minutes† (Steward, 1990) and the pain of such an experience.

Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 17

Article Example As asserted by Thoreau (para 18), injustice cases are counted-friction to the government machine because when found to have broken a particular law then the person is put in prison for unlimited period determined by the discretion of those who put one in the prison. Thoreau provides us with the story in jail so that we can visualize the poor rule of the state including its accusations for the example Thoreau’s roommate was accused of burning a barn and the tedious trial process (Thoreau para 28-35). Thoreau being in jail made him has various thoughts because he had never expected to be held and to be in custody for one night was like a novel. Thoreau (para 25) proposes that, it is ironical to the state to order Thoreau to pay a certain sum to support a clergyman whose preaching was attended by Thoreau’s father. This is effective in exposing to us the weakness of the state power. The majority view of the government is that most governments carry out its activities at its expediency as contrary to the minority as was the basis of Thoreau justice was democracy (Thoreau para 45). A Chinese philosopher who regarded that individual is the basis of empire is not Lao-Tzu but there is a progress to individual respect and such democracy is yet to be

Different Restaurant That Observation Tourism Essay

Different Restaurant That Observation Tourism Essay Customer service and satisfaction can be difficult to evaluate. One method of evaluating service level is through mystery shopping. Identify at least three types of hospitality business to evaluate for your mystery shopping activity. Create a comprehensive survey for your mystery shopping activity which must include at least ten question relating to a variety of customer service question. After you have finished, review the result and write a report to provide clear information and any pertinent details that further explain the responses. 1.1 Introduction Three types of different restaurant that I go are Pizza hut, McDonalds and KFC. 1.2 Report Three types of different restaurant that observation are Pizza hut, McDonalds and KFC. The observation are on Friday 5 October 2012, Saturday 6 October 2012 and Tuesday 9 October 2012. The first mystery shopping that observe are on Friday 5 October 2012, the observation was conduct at Pizza hut. The observe is look at serving time of the food will long time because need to cook. For example, chicken pepperoni need to cook. If many customer we have to wait the pizza around 30 minutes. Next are the observe is look are the staff listening skill very good because they know how to communicate to the customer. Such as, the waiters will reply again the customer order. Beside that the observe is look is the uniform of the staff are neat and beautiful. For example, all the staff wearing neat and beautiful. After that the observe is look at the place that customer eating are neat and clean. Such as, the place that customer eating are neat and clean. Next are the observe that i look are in there the staff very friendship with the customer. For example, the staff friendship with the customer that will give customer will come back they restaurant again. The second mystery shopping that observe are on Saturday 6 October 2012, the observation was conduct at McDonalds. The observe is look at the service time of the food are faster because there food is ready early then the customer coming. For example, burger are ready early then the customer buy it. If any food finish ready then the customer have to wait 5-10 minutes only can get there food. Next are the observe is look are they listening skill of the staff are very good because they know how communicate to the customer. Such as, the staff know what the customer order. Beside that the observe is look is the uniform of the staff are neat and beautiful. For example, all the staff wearing neat and beautiful. After that the observe is look at the place that customer eating are neat and clean. Such as, the place that customer eating are neat and clean. Next are the observe that i look are in there the staff very friendship with the customer. For example, the staff friendship with the custo mer that will give customer will come back they restaurant again. The third mystery shopping that observe are on Tuesday 9 October 2012, the observation was conduct at KFC. The observe is look at the service time of the food are faster because there food is ready early then the customer coming. For example, original and spicy chicken are ready early then the customer buy it. If any food finish ready then the customer have to wait 5-10 minutes only can get there food. Next are the observe is look are the listening skill of the staff are very good because they know how communicate to the customer. Such as, the staff know what the customer order. Beside that the observe is look is the uniform of the staff are neat and beautiful. For example, all the staff wearing neat and beautiful. After that the observe is look at the place that customer eating are neat and clean. Such as, the place that customer eating are neat and clean. Next are the observe that i look are in there the staff very friendship with the customer. For example, the staff friendship wit h the customer that will give customer will come back they restaurant again. Pizza_Hut_Logo.jpg kfc-forecasts-increase-with-new-breakfast-menu.jpg mcdonalds.jpg 1.3 Conclusion From this question 1, I have learn three type of different restaurant how their staff serving, listening skill , the place clean or not? and so on. The first restaurant that I go is Pizza hut, the second restaurant that I go is McDonalds and the last restaurant that I go is KFC. QUESTION 2 Assume that you have bought a new shop lot and want to open a restaurant. As a service provider what would you need to consider when you want to open the restaurant and how would you do to get your customer? Do you agreed if say that you need to consider demographic factor in identifying your customer? Why? 2.1 Introduction Yes, I agree to start a restaurant we need to deciding on a restaurant concept, choosing a location for restaurant, finding the perfect restaurant name, writing a business plan, writing the menu, staffing a restaurant, and equipping a restaurant. Demographic information includes characteristics like age, income, marital status, education stage in the family life cycle, home ownership, sex, zip code, occupation, household size, mobility patterns, ethnic background and religion. Demographic information is a straightforward and basic method of identifying customer. 2.1 Starting a restaurant To start a restaurant we need to deciding on a restaurant concept, choosing a location for restaurant, finding the Perfect restaurant name, writing a business plan, writing the menu, staffing a restaurant, and equipping a restaurant. Firstly are deciding on a restaurant. We have to deciding what type of restaurant that want to open will depend of a variety of things. If want to open a restaurant we have to plan what type of food that we like to cook and serve to the customer, in an atmosphere they feel comfortable in. Secondly are choosing a location for restaurant. Location is vital to the success of any restaurant. There are several factors to consider when searching for that perfect restaurant location, including population base, local employment figures and accessibility. Once you find that perfect location, you will need to make sure you negotiate the best lease possible for your restaurant. Thirdly are writing a business plan. To prepare for your interview with the bank, we need to do your homework. Creating a business plan that outlines your restaurant and how we plan to make it profitable, will show the loan officer we mean business. Also make sure we arrive at the bank with all the necessary paperwork, including personal income statements, tax returns and anything else the banker ask we for. Fourthly are finding the perfect restaurant name. Restaurant names may reflect a theme (Mexican, Chinese, Continental), a location, or simply be a play on words. The important thing to consider is the impression it will leave on customers. Select a name that will be easy to customers to remember and spell. Nothing is more frustrating than not being able to find a restaurant online or in the Yellow Pages because you arent spelling it correctly. Fifthly are writing the menu. Your menu is a huge part of my restaurant. After all, it is essentially why my customers keep coming back. They love the food. The layout and design is just as important as whats listed on the menu. Avoid amateur looking menu designs, such as clip art or photocopied handwriting. Finally, knowing how to price the menu will help increase your profit margins, giving me more money to invest into my restaurant. Sixthly are staffing a restaurant. Hiring the right staff is crucial to any new restaurant. Good food loses much of its appeal if it accompanied by bad service. Knowing the basic employee roles of the back of the house and the front of the house will help you select the best candidate for the job. Experience counts for important positions, such as head cook, dining room manager and bartender. Seventhly are equipping a restaurant. Outfitting your restaurant kitchen, dining room and bar is the largest part of your start up budget. Shop around for bargain deals of used equipment and leased equipment. Also understanding needs vs. wants is important in avoiding the pitfalls of buying unnecessary furniture and equipment, which can set you way over budget. Begin with the basics, and once you have those you can pick up a few extras. 1.3 Demographic factor Demographic information includes characteristics like age, income, marital status, education stage in the family life cycle, home ownership, sex, zip code, occupation, household size, mobility patterns, ethnic background and religion. Demographic information is a straightforward and basic method of identifying customer. 1.4 How to get a customer? To get a customer using five needs of every customer. Five needs of every customer are every customer comes into the customer situation with differing wants while want are frequently hard to identify and may occasionally be unrealistic. The five basic need are service, price, quality, action and appreciation. The firstly are service. Customer expect the service that they think is appropriate for level of purchase that they are making. A small, spontaneous purchase may have a smaller service need than a larger purchase that has been carefully planned and researched. The secondly are price. The cost of everything we purchase is becoming more and more important. People and business want to use their financial resources as efficiently as possible. Many product previously considered unique are now considered commodities. This mean that while a consumer previously had to travel to the the local hamburger restaurant to purchase a hamburger, now one can be acquired at many other locations. This make the component of price even more important to the customer. The thirdly are quality. Customer want the product that they purchase to be durable and functional until the customer decides to replace them. The requirement of quality mandates that manufacturers and distributors produce products that live up to the customers expectations of durability. Customers are much less likely to question price if they are doing business with a company that has a reputation for producing a high quality product. Fourthly are action. Customers need action when a problem or question arises. Many companies offer toll-free customer assistance telephone lines, flexible return policies, and customer are human begins and like to think that they are an important priority and that when a need or question arises someone will be ready and waiting to help them. Lastly are appreciation. Customers need to know that we appreciate their business. Customer service providers can convey this appreciation in many appropriate ways. Saying thank you to the customer through our words and actions is a good starting point. Preferred customer mailing lists, informational newsletters, special discounts, courtesy, and name recognition are good beginnings to showing our customers our appreciation. Additionally, letting them know that we are glad that they have chosen to do business with us conveys a positive message. A fast- food restaurant has a sign in its drive-through lane that say we know that you could eat somewhere else; thank you for allowing us to serve you. 1.5 Conclusion From this question 2, i have learn about how to open a restaurant, how to get a customer and the demographic factor. To start a restaurant we need to deciding on a restaurant concept, choosing a location for restaurant, finding the Perfect restaurant name, writing a business plan, writing the menu, staffing a restaurant, and equipping a restaurant. Next are, to get a customer using five needs of every customer. Five needs of every customer are every customer comes into the customer situation with differing wants while want are frequently hard to identify and may occasionally be unrealistic. Beside that are to get a customer using five needs of every customer. Five needs of every customer are every customer comes into the customer situation with differing wants while want are frequently hard to identify and may occasionally be unrealistic